The indus valley civilization was a bronze age civilization 33000 bce mature period 26001900 bce extending from what today is northeast afghanistan to pakistan and northwest india. The social and economic life of the people of indus valley civilization harappan civilization was systematic and organised. The most characteristic feature of the harappan civilization was its urbanization. One of the most advanced civilization, famous for its town planning and drainage system and the use of brick kiln. Indus river valley civilization overview the indus river valley civilization dates back to 3500 b. All efforts have been made to make this image accurate. Understanding ancient civilizations series includes bibliographical references and index. Take a look at town planning, religious practises, languages, technology, arts and crafts, and the decline of the indus valley civilisation. Towns were rectangular, with straight walls all facing north, south, east or west, and straight streets that formed a pattern like a grid and divided the city into block sections. Eg seal carving developed new techniques in metallurgy.
Stairs led to a flat roof where there was extra space to work and relax. The townplanning of harappan culture is one of its most impressive aspects, as though it was the handiwork of a genius of an architect. The remains from the indus valley civilization are from roughly the same period. Wealthy indus valley families lived in comfortable houses built around courtyards. However, the initial hump suggests that it is a distributed scale invariant network with almost 3 strong nuclei and about 30 smaller nuclei. The time period of mature indus valley civilization is estimated between bc. The culture associated with the harappan civilization is the.
Isbn 9789231027192 the indus civilization diji cultural type that is widely spread as evidenced by the excavations at sarai kala, 12gumla, rahman dheri, 14 on the indus plain, near dera ismail khan, and several other placesinthepunjab. Each city was divided into the citadel area where the essential institutions of civic and religious life were located and the residential area. Building and technology the indus valley civilization. Introduction to indus valley civilization harappan. Use the graphic organizer to draw conclusions about. There are several theories to the excellent town planning of indus valley civilization. Together with ancient egypt and mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the near east and south asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area stretching from. The indus civilization stands tall amongst other civilizations of the ancient world such as mesopotamian, egyptian and babylonian. Indus river valley civilization lesson plan mohenjo daro. Like most of the indus towns, mohenjodaro was a gridplanned city i. Once they become large, they evolved into scale invariant behaviour. But the later researches have shown that the extent was bigger than what was postulated by john marshall. The indus valley civilization contained more than 1,000 cities and settlements. How did the townships emerge in such a well planned manner.
Nile valley, and around 2500 bce in the indus valley. Town planning system the town planning system of indus valley civilization harappan civilization was city based. Civilization, like harappa, mohenjodaro, and dholavira faced abandonment and decline during the late 3rd and early 2nd millennium b. Indus valley civilization 23501750 bc is also called as harappan civilization because harappa was the first site to be excavated in 1921 under the supervision of daya ram sahni the known extent of the civilization in the west is upto sutkagendor in baluchistan. Indus valley civilization map, harappa and mohenjodaro. Pdf new insights into harappan townplanning, proportions and. They followed a system of centralized administration. Reading video harappan indus valley civilization harappa and mohenjo daro excavations. The bundle includes a complete, detailed lesson plan, a corresponding powerpoint presentation, a fun archaeological inve.
Their town planning proves that they lived a highly civilized and developed life. City planning of the indus valley civilization the indus valley civilization harappa civilization in india had a really well made town planning system. First of all, the cities of harappa and mohenjodaro followed a grid system. Major sites h ar p first ivc sites to be excavated. The ruins of the cities, so far unearthed, show remarkable town planning, and excellent system of drainage and sanitation of the indus valley. Townplanning of harappan culture your article library.
Researchers believe that the aryans influenced the hindu religion. The indus valley civilisation, also known as the harappan civilisation, is the oldest civilisation in asia. The indus valley people lived from 3500 to 1700 bce in the indus valley in modern day pakistan and india and other countries of the region. The excellent drainage and sanitation systems are remarkable. Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. Ancient indus civilization articles which can be downloaded and read as pdf files from this site. Streets laid out in perfect grid patterns houses were protected from noise, odors, and thieves individual homes. It was the most sophisticated and exemplarily system before the romans.
Most of our knowledge of the indus cities is based on excavations at mohenjodaro and harappa. Finally a 4th civilization arose in the yellow river valley of northwestern china in the 2nd millennium bce. Bronze age civilisation major sites h ar p first ivc sites to be excavated excavated by daya ram sahini in 1921 location. City planning and organization of indus valley civilization ischools. Indus valley civilization town planning, town planning in. The striking feature of the indus valley civilisation was the wellplanned nature of its cities. Harappan architecture is the architecture of the indus valley civilization, an ancient people who lived in the indus valley from about 3300 bce to 0 bce the civilisations cities were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large nonresidential buildings, and new techniques in handicraft carnelian products, seal.
Indus people were the first to build planned cities with scientific drainage system. These three civilizations mutually influenced one another and came to constitute a single region of intercommunication and trade. The most striking feature of the ivc is the townplanning. Indus valley civilization indus valley civilization it. Pdf dholaviras elaborate townplanning rests on the conscious. Harappa town planning is one of the most outstanding and remarkable features of harappa and the indus valley civilization, which is located in northwest india and pakistan. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short. In this article we will discuss about the food, social dress, ornaments, house hold articles, amusements, trade, social class and structure, religion and funerary customs of the people of indus valley civilization. The town planning of harappan civilization reveals that the civic organisations of the city were highly developed and even at the present age, the sites are special attractions for archaeologists.
Indus valley civilization after it was introduced by the aryans. Social and economic life of indus valley civilization. These cities show a twinsettlement pattern a citadel and a lower town, as can be. Although there was not much furniture, the homes had wells for water and bathrooms with pipes that carried waste into the main drains. The harappa town planning has amazed the archaeologists worldwide. The indus valley civilization grew to be larger than any other ancient empire, including those of egypt and mesopotamia. The term indus valley civilization was used by john marshall for the first time. The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of south asia, lasting from 3300 bce to 0 bce, and in its mature form from 2600 bce to 1900 bce. Along with ancient egypt and mesopotamia it was one of three early civilizations of the old world, and of the three the most widespread covering an. Powered by create your own unique website with customizable templates. The uniformity in the cities planning and construction suggests that. Study of growth of the indus civilisation by network analysis initially it is a random network. Indus valley civilization it can be said that the indus valley civilization, based on the excellent urban planning of the cities harappa and mohenjodaro, was highly advanced in science and mathematics, architecture, and had citizens that interacted with cities other than their own.
Many of the distinctive features of the harappan civilization like writing, standardised seals and weights, some standardised aspects of town planning and other. Until the early part of the 20th century, few people knew anything about the indus valley civilization. Indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization that thrived along the course of indus river in northwestern part of indian subcontinent it is also referred to as harappan civilization owing to the fact that this civilization was first discovered in 1921 at the modern site of harappa situated in the punjab province punjab of current day. The concept of town planning itself is a cumbersome one even today. However none holds the ground as all these theories are negated on certain facts. This handy planning overview is a resource that will give you some fabulous ideas for your lessons on this topic. While harappan townplanning is usually based on a duality acropolis lower town, dholaviras plan fig. This research will introduce harappa and mohenjodaro. Theory of mesopotamian origin according to john marshall and mortumer wheeler. Major cities during indus valley civilization source.
The town planning of the harappan civilization upholds the fact that the civic establishments of the city were highly developed. Majority of the sites developed on the banks of river indus, ghaggar and its tributaries. Indus valley civilization was the first major civilization in south asia, which spread across a vast area of land in presentday india and pakistan around 12 lakh sq. Ancient indian town planning principles sutra vedas. Indus valley civilization summary town structure consists of.
In every aspect like roads, houses, drainage, bath, granary, the harappan people have left an imprint of originality and brilliance. M338 2008 934dc22 2007025308 1211100908 12345678910. But early indus valley civilization had existed even before bc. Others called it the indus valley culture, the indomediterranean. Town planning concepts development of cities cities grew out of earlier villages that existed in the same locality for town planning has amazed the archaeologists worldwide. Indus valley civilization town planning, town planning in harappan. The indus valley civilisation began in 3250 bc and reached its extinction in 1500 bc, making it down in history as one of the worlds longest surviving civilisations. The people of this region developed a sophisticated and. These cities contained wellorganized wastewater drainage systems, trash collection systems, and possibly even public granaries and baths. Imposing order and structure is a natural human tendency not just for things and activities but also for natural resources like land and water.
The indus valley civilization is the first known urban culture in india. Indus valley civilization abstract 33000 bc, flowered 26001900 bc worlds first sophisticated urban sanitation systems knowledge of urban planning and efficient municipal governments which placed a high priority on hygiene. Researchers have found swastikas a symbol that generally takes the form of an equilateral cross,hindu gods shiva and rudra, and a mother goddess symbolizing fertility. Town planning is the unique feature of indus valley civilization. As yet little is known about it, but one enormous town mohenjodaro has survived. The centre of the civilization was in sind and punjab in undivided india, from this center the civilization spread towards all direction. Copper, bronze, tin and lead indus cities are noted for urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and cluster of nonresidential buildings. Map showing the indus valley civilization harappa, mohenjodaro, mehrgarh and lothal with current countriy boundaries. Prehistoric fishing along the coasts of the arabian sea. Case study city planning and organization of indus valley civilization overview. Indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization 33000bc located in. City areas most of the cities were divided into two main parts. The indus valley civilization history, location, map, art.
Students learn about the indus river valley civilizations straight from the source as they examine actual images from the mohenjo daro and harappa archaeological excavation sites. Mohenjodaro, city of the indus valley sciencedirect. Necessity scope principles of town planning, present status of town planning in india. Its two great centers were the cities of mohenjodaro and harappa. The indus valley people had wellbuilt, well organised town planning. Montgomery district of punjab pakistan on the bank of ravi. Vahia, yadav reconstructing the history of harappan civilization 29 indus valley close to mehrgarh but in a far away region of hakra basin in harappa around 3200 bc and seems to be an indigenous development. This civilisation is credited for building cities complete with. Indus valley civilization houses and buildings dk find out. Cities of the indus valley civilization world civilization. In 1925 archaeologists announced a spectacular discovery of immense urban ruins of two cities mohenjodaro and harappa divided apart by a distance of 640 km but identical in their layout, architecture and building technique.
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